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Long-term relations

Relation, flow, dialogue, connectivity, emergence, network, becoming.
These terms seem to be the buzzwords in the current vocabulary of
design.

These terms all come from the scientific fields of physics, chemistry,
biology, mathematics and their sub-fields such as complexity, chaos,
neurology etc; fields that try to understand the nature of life. The
revelation of relativity and non-linearity provided scientists with a
different understanding of the world. It showed that everything is
connected dynamically in all respects, at all times and on all levels,
whilst constantly developing. It has taken them a long time to not only
discover but, more importantly, to understand and acknowledge the values
of this paradigm shift. This is due to the fact that the attributes
that come with it - emergent properties, instability, unpredictability
etc.- are difficult to comprehend and even more difficult to work with.
In fact, it requires a completely different way of working. Scientists
understood that but were reluctant to employ it, mainly because they
were not supported by their institutions and the economy. The
relational sciences have remained unpopular for the very reason that
their purpose lies not necessarily in fostering short-term
success/profit.

Design has always celebrated its advantage of working
‘across-boundaries’ as it likes to call it. It doesn’t like to be
pinned down and enjoys the freedom with which it can roam foreign
territories and appropriate ideas for its use. But rarely have
designers really understood the original/wider contexts from which
ideas emerged. Instead, terminology has been adopted carelessly and
randomly without investigating into appropriate use and without
understanding that these terms might not only be concepts for designers
to exploit, but that these concepts might require something from
design. And by failing to understand this, design ruled out the
potential that lies in the ideas.

I’m not saying that there can’t be a certain liberty, even liberation,
in the translation of terms to other practices. Often it’s the
awkwardness that has a charm and a new reading that leads highly
specific terms, cornered into dead-end alleys, to new potential; but I
doubt that this is what is happening here. Design has adopted a
terminology without understanding its implication. While the sciences
understood that they were facing a shift in paradigm that required a
set of new tools and in fact demanded a different purpose, design as a
profession does not seem to be aware of any of this, nor interested. It
still works as self-referential, specific and technology-awed as it
always has. Design students are still taught to look at their work in
relation to other design work/periods and not to see the wider contexts
outside of their own profession. By that, their work is the exact
opposite of what it (cl)aims to be. It is inherently unrelational - to
the context in which it will later come to life. Students are not
encouraged to ask: What do these terms mean? What do they mean for us?
Where are we in this complexity we are talking about? How do we situate
ourselves? What are the contexts in which we operate? What does this
require from us? Who are we designing for? What is the long-term
potential in this? What are our strengths as designers? How can we
help? What are our tools?

These questions aren’t new, Buckminster Fuller asked them, and
masterfully proposed answers/tools, almost a century ago. So how come
designers are not posing them in their approach to their work?

Designers have an advantage over scientists, in that they have unlocked
themselves from their tradition of specialisation. While scientists
still work in their respective niches, blocking themselves by not
sharing insights or research grants, designers can use their position -
that is slightly outside of everything - to understand overall relations
and then act locally, situated, like agents. By that, they might
actually produce valuable work. They might help give people
a sense of orientation in the unstable complexity and be consulted in
diverse, ambitious, long-term projects where holistic thinking is
needed. But designers don’t seem to be interested in this, for they
continue to apply a terminology of relations to meaningless, isolated
work. The potential that lies in it will remain unlocked, because they
are not prepared to engage with this thought. Or, as physicist David
Bohm said, “If I am right in saying that thought is the ultimate origin
or source, it follows that if we don’t do anything about thought, we
won’t get anywhere.” (Changing Consciousness, p25)

 

13 comments

Hi Adriana,

First of all, I do agree with a lot of what your mention in your statement. A few words on your thoughts though: Apart from the difference – and equal importance – of the two ways of looking at graphic design – as a service and as a field of exploration itself – which I will not go into right now, I want to recycle – as it is recommended by the hosts of this blog – some of your statements and put your ‘context’ into the following.

—‘Design students are still taught to look at their work in relation to other design work/periods and not to see the wider contexts outside of their own profession. By that, their work is the exact opposite of what it (cl)aims to be.’

I think there are two possible interpretations of ‘context’ that you are referring to. The first one is the context of the experiment. It is to find out whether a theory works out on a particular set of given criteria. It is to question and to strengthen a hypothesis. The second one is the context of exploration, where a certain process is being developed without an obvious reason at hand. Both – experiment and exploration – are important ‘tools’ to graphic design, although sometimes sloppily employed where the ‘pseudo-contextualisation’ becomes a justified complaint. However it is sometimes necessary to start via an exploration and formulate a hypothesis which to strengthen you will develop experiments for. For this procedure it is not always a mistake to know what is around and to be aware of what has been done already in the field. This might be important whether you are doing yet another ID to develop ‘a unique image’ for a company, or typeset a dictionary, where you better do your research before tackling such a complex task. To stop there is, as you rightly mention, not advisable. Once you got to know your own discipline, there is constant evolution while you feed and feed off other disciplines, be it dance and choreography ; ), architecture, nature, science, etc.

This is just a thought on how to excuse a certain self-referential attitude within graphic design. If used appropriately (ie as a research tool, and this is what we try to get into the heads of our students) it can be most valuable. If it is what you compare your outcomes with exclusively, you will turn around in circles (what I feel a lot of fashion designers do these days – not that I have an idea what is going on).

—‘Students are not encouraged to ask: What do these terms mean? What do they mean for us? Where are we . . .’

This is a tricky one, since you already have a certain self-reference in the structure of your questions: ‘What do these terms mean for us?’ and ‘Where are we in this complexity that we are talking about?’ are highly self-referential, but still not a bad starting point of further proceedings. You always have to start somewhere and if you try to understand a specific term – be it from science, or from art – you will always start with those questions that you feel slightly more experienced with. This will eventually lead to other ones and so on. To doom all self-reference is not helpful either – I know you are not doing this, but I felt to state this point of view here too.

/Paulus M Dreibholz 30/09/2005

 

On projects which “continue to apply a terminology of relations to meaningless, isolated work”…..work which is relational in one context can of course end up a closed representation of itself. For instance, the Rirkit Tiravanija reconstruction of his New York appartment in the Serpentine Gallery in London this summer is a version of work he has created else where. this time, to me it seemed like a tired formula that one went to to catch up on his rather well publicised work billed as ‘relational aesthetics’ by french Curator Nicholas Bourriaud. The main people in there were the serpentine staff apart from a few gems -one guy who slept a lot, and one couple of pensioners who watched a lot of telly. It’s interest was almost in the opposite effect that it highlighted -how we are ‘isolated works’…

http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/critic/feature/0,1169,1526893,00.html

/Gaby 07/10/2005

 

You say that “These terms all come from the scientific fields of physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and their sub-fields such as complexity, chaos, neurology etc.” Well, perhaps in the first instance. But surely scientists have only started using these words relatively recently? And have done so because some of the phenomena they want to talk about simply can’t be explained using the traditional mechanistic idioms of their disciplines?

“Relation, flow, dialogue, connectivity, emergence, network, becoming” are all words that describe involvement. Maybe that’s their real significance for communicators: the beginnings of a recognition that the sender-message-recipient model of communication, which is at the basis of both the ‘hard’ science of Information Theory and the ’soft’ discipline of semiotics, results in the artificial distinction of things that in actuality belong together. And we don’t need to look at the special contexts in which these words are being used by scientists for them to open up new directions for communicators - their beauty is in their simplicity, their unpretentiousness and the power of the images they bring to mind.

This new language presents communication as an event - a meeting of horizons - and not as a process. And when one looks at it in these terms, what becomes important about it is that one person engages with another, not what the apparent content of that engagement is. Thus to describe communication as ‘relation’ is to reverse the models that put content at its heart. And to describe it as ‘flow’ is to recognize that it is simply a continuous movement, constantly being and becoming, without having a ‘point’ - a view which challenges head-on those who treat it as a means to an ultimate purpose, or of directing others to what they want. Thus I would suggest that the adoption of these kinds of words is a necessary reaction to the ‘functionalism’ that has dominated the study of communication recently, whether it be the outright mechanism of marketing or information architecture, or the more subtle dissections of critical and cultural theories.

Perhaps it’s also a sign of some maturity. As a profession, designers may be coming to realize that communication hasn’t got any better from the intense intellectualising of the last couple of decades (and arguably, in common with dancing, driving or swimming, thinking about it too much has made it much worse!). Like the words of Lao Tsu or Chuang Tsu, these words hint at non-intellectual perceptions: at intuitions of a holistic, organic dynamic. And it was exactly in places like the Tao te Ching where the ‘hippy’ scientists behind Chaos and Complexity theories got their new language from (Capra’s ‘Tao of Physics’ taking us back as far as the seventies). [Actually, these were also the kinds of places to which a previous, thoughful generation of scientists like David Bohm looked (his famous ‘rheomode’ addressing exactly this issue of the way our language compartmentalises phenomena that only make sense when they are seen as wholes)].

James

/james souttar 08/10/2005

 

“for they [designers] continue to apply a terminology of relations to meaningless, isolated work”

-this is true but I feel rumbles everywhere. The fallacy that ‘designer’ interventions in politics are valuable is unsustainable now - to here these people speak about their potential ‘to change the world’ does them even less good, as i have noticed recently …one realises that there IS nothing behind them other than some naive politics and unbeleivable self-beleif, which can only come from an isolated profession who has no idea what others in other fields -art, architecture, let alone physics are up to.

/Anon 16/10/2005

 

cedric price is an example of relational design

/Adriana 16/10/2005

 

The interesting thing about the language of ‘relation’ is that we can only relate one to one. It’s popular for marketing people to talk about ‘audiences’, but nobody can relate to an audience: you can only ‘perform’ to one. And the thing that nobody seems to note about this metaphor is that, whether one bases it on a musical, dramatic or even a cinematic analogy, in every case it involves a situation where lights are dimmed in the auditorium so that audience disappears into darkness. It’s a curious way to think about communication - which implies a joining together - to conceive that the person you’re talking to has become invisible, anonymous. Like the victim of a smart bomb.

This to me is what is so dubious about the idea of designers ‘changing the world’. Design has become, for whatever reasons, a rhetorical discourse with invisible others. Nobody knows whether anyone is actually listening. The designer can’t see the other person’s eyes, can’t make contact, can’t presence them as a real person with whom she or he is in relation. So the language becomes overblown and demagogic - the language of the soapbox preacher who is more concerned with getting his message out than with whether anyone is hearing it. Speaking to the wind…

I’ve heard that people who work with autistic children are taught to use their fingers to attract the child’s gaze, and then lift them up to their eyes so that the child makes eye contact when talking. Whether or not this is true (or, indeed, whether it is even effective or useful) I find it a potent image of what we need to do in design. “Look into my eyes… it’s me you are talking to, another person. And neither of us is better or more important than the other… we’re just different. Engage with me! Meet me in a place where we can be present, together. And don’t speak past me, at ghosts from your past who you are still trying to impress but who aren’t real, aren’t there, don’t care.”

james

/james souttar 17/10/2005

 

I can’t agree that you can’t relate to an audience, only perform. It depends how you lecture doens’t it. It is interesting though, that here we are speaking to an invisible audience - or two - those who write on the blog and those, entirely enigmatic, who only read. The first is only slightly more knowable than the other.

/Jason 18/10/2005

 

Sure, a speaker or performer has some kind of rapport with the people who are listening - more or less, depending on the circumstances. But for me this is the point - that there are only people who are listening, not an ‘audience’. Once we aggregate a group of individuals together into an abstraction, and then start to talk as if it had qualities and characteristics of its own, that’s when the trouble begins. Which is not to say that a group of people can’t fall into some kind of synchrony with each other - for there to be an atmosphere of shared concentration, discomfort, disagreement, rapture etc. However, each individual in that group is still in their own, one-to-one relationship with the speaker(s) or performer(s). Just as, actually, we are with an author as readers. Communication can only happen in the moment that a single ’speaker’ and a single ‘listener’ are connected by a communicative act, even if there are many circumstances where numerous ‘listeners’ are simultaneously in a one-to-one relation to the same ’speaker’, or the ’speaker’ and ‘listener’ are separated across time or distance.

james

/james souttar 18/10/2005

 

“This to me is what is so dubious about the idea of designers ‘changing the world’. Design has become, for whatever reasons, a rhetorical discourse with invisible others. Nobody knows whether anyone is actually listening. The designer can’t see the other person’s eyes, can’t make contact, can’t presence them as a real person with whom she or he is in relation. So the language becomes overblown and demagogic - the language of the soapbox preacher who is more concerned with getting his message out than with whether anyone is hearing it. Speaking to the wind…”

maybe this is where the definition of ‘designer’ takes different roads. to me a designer is not a preacher, or a performer or a seducer. there are of course lots of designers who work like this, but i think this doesn’t get the beauty of the designers’ abilities. designers are in a position that enables them to negotiate between the public, which they are part of themselves, and a ‘problem-bearer’, let’s call it this for the moment even though he might not actually bear a ‘problem’ (client of whatever kind, on whatever scale, be that a nation or one person). so by inhabiting this linking place the designer is already relational. it’s a matter of being aware of this position, understanding each of these participants and then also considering the context(s) in which the participants sit. designers need to be excellent observers and able to act as a facilitator. not the audience is invisible, the designer is.

/Adriana 18/10/2005

 

by the way, who said anything about ‘changing the world’? with everything you put into the world you change it a little. so you might aswell try and change it for the better..

/Anonymous 18/10/2005

 

Adriana, whether one sees the designer as a ‘performer’ or ‘mediator’ really depends on one’s point of view. To my mind ‘preacher’, ‘performer’, ’seducer’, ‘broker’, ‘translator’ and ‘mediator’ are just different shades of the same thing, which is a presentation or packaging role. For me the ‘aha!’ moment was looking at information design, which is a discipline that is often dismissive of ’styling’ and which plays up the idea of the designer as an invisible observer. But when one looks at it more deeply, what information design is about is interfacing - softening, sweetening - the rigid logic of the machine (or the machine like organisation) to human beings. In that sense, it’s just as much about tinkering with appearances as any other kind of design.

What interests me about the concept of ‘relation’ is not a brokering between organisations and audiences (two abstractions that have no real existence) - which is fundamentally about ‘managing’ a relationship and bringing it to closure (on the organisation’s terms) - but about how a more organic, humane paradigm of relating can help us to personalise the dialogue, to make it about a real You and I, and open up its possibilities.

james

/james souttar 21/10/2005

 

This is true, but how does one stop this ‘pesonalising’/dialogue/human connection falling into what we might call the ‘communication zones’ as set up by brands. Henineken’s new non-advertising vernture, its Green Space as being played out now in Spain and as outlined in the September Blueprint is a good example of designers opening up the possibilites (here creative ones) through design. But, in other terms, that’s the branding of experience. Branding, here, is already doing that whole relational thing and one can be walk the moral high ground and suggest that what they offer is a simulation of dialogue/the personal etc. but is this simple binary true?

/Gaby 23/10/2005

 

Gaby, why do we have to stop anything? I don’t have a problem with what Heineken and others are doing, because I don’t take it too seriously. Heineken are a brewer - they’re only interested in having a ‘relationship’ with me if it encourages me to buy beer. But how can I have a real relationship with a brand? What is a brand? It’s just another of these abstractions - a figment of the imagination. And I would be really sad indeed if I thought that all this rhetoric of ‘relationship marketing’ meant that anyone at Heineken actually cared about me.

It’s not a problem that we use design for these kinds of trivial games. But what is a problem is that we don’t use it anything like enough to build relationships between real people. Indeed I get blank stares in return whenever I suggest this - “but how could this be possible?”. In fact, the only things that have ever meant anything to me have been conceived and made with love and delight by real people, and those things have been a vehicle for a very real communication between us - even if some of those are people I’ve never met face to face. Every time one has a moment of appreciation of something that has had a human input - an object, a text, a performance, a meal - there is a moment of connection with another person. And one can even apply this to something as baldly commercial as an advertisement - a great ad is surely one that makes us think: ‘how fantastic that someone came up with that line/that image/that concept’. It doesn’t say: ‘how fantastic that I can have a phoney relationship with a made-up brand…”

james

/james souttar 25/10/2005

 

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