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The Moon is Down

Ten years ago the nation’s computers were full to bursting with typefaces, in complete contrast to an earlier period where you would have been fortunate to gain access to one of them. To have a typewriter was a luxury and the world of typesetting was as distant an option as a weekend in Prague. People discuss the ins-and-outs of the Microsoft operating system and the “Comic Sans” font and rarely speak about how our perception of words has been modified. The power of print is not what it was, and we blame journalists for that. What about design?… Taking care of text before it gets to be printed matter - have words become children? Typography mostly consists of deciding which flavour of crisps you fancy and thereby the flavour that other people get to eat.

PC and Macworld isn’t that bothered about new typefaces nowadays, though they keep coming. The new thing is to collect mp3 files and have 10.000 hits to hand. In today’s computer matrix it is music that is getting a hammering. A simple thing would be to call it the ‘Tesco treatment’, but the damage was done a long time ago - when, within a short period in the mid-1980s, the CD format was introduced, the independent distribution network self-combusted, and corporate sponsorship became loud. Lately, mobile phones came to be sold alongside music. Is there some strange relationship between the state of music and the advances in obesity and plastic surgery?

In Eastern Europe, covered by a lesser media force-field and whoever owns EMI, the flip-side is to put on a ‘Hard Disk Party’ and have everyone come with a coach-full of downloads. The party can last for a weekend, and you head home with 75 years’ worth of music. How many copies of the new Coldplay album might you end up with? If it wasn’t for the shuffle button, you’d need a 100 years to edit the file names…

Thank God the hard disks can take it. Think how they must feel. They’re grown up now, but looking on in suspension. Having to summon-up typefaces, JPEGs, music and movies on DVD all at the speed of [your] silence. The noise a DVD player makes when it is loading feels like a more definite scream than the fax machine made when it kicked in. Soon start up disks will be going to the moon… What is there left to imagine? How it came to be thus? To remember that for the Apollo 11 landing, the on-board computer had 36k worth of memory.

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Ten years ago it was possible to look at all the qualities and dilemmas of the design world - its connection to advertising, print production and commercial art - and see it as being pivoted between progressive action (the art and craft of the medium) and short-term gain (advertising/corporate patronage). The fact that the personal computer impacted first on graphic designers throws this into deep relief, because here was a major opportunity to take a progressive turn. It never happened.

Software, desktops and manuals all fall back on Graphic Design for their common language, almost always with lamentable results. Graphic Design interfacing with music is not a good idea either. The triumph of the i-Pod has been to upgrade graphic design minimalism, but it is matched with the worst effects of the digital upon music - compression codes, endless versions of the same tune, piss-poor headphone quality. “Use Hearing Protection”, an early Peter Saville poster for Factory recommended… this isn’t the half of it.

Readers might wonder where is the way forward in all this? It’s not where one normally would look, it is not there for you on the front page, nor spilling out of your headphones, it is the isn’t-yet-computerised experience. Google might summon up something, but first a non-digital reality check, a particular line of enquiry would be better than this race-chase for more ’stuff’.

Extreme conditions and an obvious overload should be a catalyst for refusal and regeneration. Imagine the possibilities, a world at once conscious of what it is hearing, rejecting the “deaf dumb and blind kid” direction. Stand around a Tube exit for any length of time and observe the % of passengers streaming out, giving the outside world a miss in favour of wearing headphones, whilst fingering mobile phones with nervous hands. It is all there, somewhere, on CCTV, an excellent end-point to the first Lumière film in 1896 where the train arrives at the station, and the public is astonished, whereas this time everyone is leaving the station, and they seem oblivious to what is going on around them.

Funny to consider how 20th century music was all about exhorting its audience to ‘wake up’.

Jon Wozencroft
author’s addendum

 

10 comments

Jon, to leave aside the (il)legality of the hard disk parties you mention — which is another issue — isn’t the ease of acquiring music (new and old) a good thing? There seems to be a note of nostalgia in your post for days of dusty fingers in dustier record shops. Surely such parties and sharing iTunes libraries across networks broadens the market for previously more marginalised music. Chris Anderson has recently written a book called “The long tail” in which he notes that the vast catalogue of online retailers like Amazon has triggered a rise in the sales of obscure titles. These books and CDs have an extended shelf life – the long tail – and reveal that consumers are taking advantage of increased choice and are not simply buying the latest Coldpay albums. As he says, “Many of our assumptions about popular taste are actually artifacts of poor supply-and-demand matching - a market response to inefficient distribution.”(1) Moreover, websites like www.myspace.com let bands promote their music without the need for labels. The Arctic Monkeys, whether you like their music or not, are a good example of the potential of this medium.

So to compression, iPods, and crappy headphones. In my lifetime at least (I’m 24 for the record) really high fidelity sound equipment has never been particularly mainstream, least of all in the context of Walkmans, Diskmans and now iPods. It would be great to see this change. MP3 compression is mainly a response to (relatively) small hard disks, and long download times. As such the reduction in quality of sound that MP3 entails is simply the price we pay, for the moment, of the wider availability I mentioned above. Both the size of hard disks and the speed of internet connections are increasing and perhaps there will be an audiophile version of the iTunes music store selling uncompressed music. Perhaps.

And what about us all ‘giving the the outside world a miss in favour of wearing headphones’? What’s so wrong with that? Have you ever missed a train stop because you were engrossed in a book? That personal stereos expand the potential private space we have is no bad thing. I like being able to block out the shouting couple at the back of the bus with something I find more interesting. Does this make me anti-social? Only as much as reading the paper already did.

The way forward? More stuff please.

/Nick Evans 22/03/2006

 

…and in fact, the idea that you concentrate on one thing -the music- can’t be all bad in an era when we aren’t meant to be able to concentrate hard on anything anymore. In my expereince, people who read the paper over a breakfast table that they are meant to be sharing with you, think they can multitakl and still keep an ear on the conversation and intermittently, intelligently interject but it makes for some moronic conversation.

Headphones give you a private space in a world sorely lacking in it.

/Grace 22/03/2006

 

oh no please not MORE stuff, but BETTER stuff! please !

/adriana 22/03/2006

 

A lot of the modern developments are based on convenience.
Digital music is takeaway music whenever it follows the strategies of the supermarket and fast food outlets. You can accuse me of singling out Coldplay but this week they’ve announced that their next single will be “download only”. I can’t wait!

If it is more convenient for you to listen to a podcast of the New York Times on the way to work, rather than stare into the Daily Telegraph over breakfast whilst avoiding conversation, then this is also a question for sociologists and sexologists!

It is a very seductive idea that the personal worlds of the i-Pod and the PC offer a new kind of freedom and independence and level of choice. I don’t think they do. It is already a commodified space on all kinds of levels, and this is surely one of the things the hard-disk-party people are the epitome and possibly the apogee of.

Quality versus quantity.
There was a time when hi-fi made it to the currency of popular culture. In the mid-70s, most people had stereo systems that were hugely better than the 1960s default - the Dansette - and LPs like ‘Dark Side of the Moon’ sold themselves on their hi-fi production. Alan Parsons is just one example of someone who pushed studio production with the idea that people would hear complexities in the sound that you wouldn’t get from a transistor or a mono set-up. The thing is, you can listen to a new Radiohead recording on mp3 or SACD and no-one is really bothered, which you can then claim is a victory of content over compression, but I don’t think this is the case, either. It’s more a question of format and availability.

Concentration, concentration. Anything you concentrate on is a marketing opportunity, as mobile phone providers and internet servers are proving. Music isn’t being used as a gateway to any sense of personal space and personal freedom. I think it’s the opposite in most cases. I could never envisage listening to Joy Division on a bus, or Beethoven in an airport, without being thrust into a sense of dislocation. And if music is used as a background, or a bypass to the outside world, what is it? We are way past the old hoary chestnut of ‘ambient’. How about ‘notbient’?

/JW 23/03/2006

 

iPods, like chocolate, are best taken in moderation. I”ve never listened to my iPod in to the breakfast room and neither have I eaten chocolate there(well, perhaps the odd bowl of cocoa pops.) My doctor would have something to say about the later, my shrink, if I had one, would frown at the former. I imagine. The point is that personal stereos facilitate extended private space, not marriage counseling, plenty of legitimate things can be abused.

Of course iPods are a commodified space, music is a commodity. That”s not Apple”s fault, Discmans were the same. Weren”t they? In this sense, Podcasts are simply an on-demand version of the radio players we already had built into personal stereos. What other ways are you thinking of and in what way do they differ from music emminating from any other source?

I won”t argue over the notion of compression degrading sound quality, I”ve spent a lot of money in the past on good hi-fi. In general, I agree, it is an issue of format and availability but not one that is insurmountable. The iPod could be able, in theory, to play flac files with little more than a software update (or a hack). I would love it if iPods were really High Fidelity. Honestly. But, the thing that strikes me whenever “What Hi-Fi” or whatever does a round up of good quality MP3 players is that everything else on the market is a). ugly b). doesn”t sync as well with all of my other software. Personal stereos are about convenience.

Anyway the interesting issue here is really the notion of listening to music privately in public spaces. You say, “Music isn”t being used as a gateway to any sense of personal space and personal freedom.” Who are you talking about here? The users or the marketers? To me they offer me the option to listen to music in a way that would not be available otherwise. Silent clubbing is a fun example of how this might be creative.

Could you expand on how the commodification of the iPod that you talk of restricts our choice, freedom and independence?

“I could never envisage listening to Joy Division on a bus, or Beethoven in an airport”

Is it really so impossible to recontextualise music in this way? I don”t think it necessarily reduces it to a mere distraction as I think you imply. It”s simply an opportunity to experience it in a new way. Why not take Brian Eno”s “Music for airport” literally? For that matter why not create music for this context? Why do you think listening to music privately in public situations is so fundamentally flawed?

Could you expand one what you meant by “he relationship between typography and sound needs developing…” Are you refering to modes of distribution?

/Nick Evans 03/04/2006

 

Too many questions for one ‘comment’ so forgive me for taking another step back.

Music became commodified long before “Discman. The Pianola is a good starting point. What is different and crucial in this contemporary setting is not the playback device nor even the delivery system but the social fabric in which it takes place, and that which it moulds.

The shadow side of music, all music throughout all time, is that which doesn’t get heard, or if it does, presses towards the margin of being and experience. All of this is now convoluted in a cargo cult that supercedes the ‘motor’ (as Paul Virilio calls it) and takes the dissolution of the private space one step further towards extinction.

The end point is Isolation. This is a good way of looking at the recent ID cards debate, but you’d think I was being paranoid.

I was walking past a NatWest bank this afternoon and noticed they had a yellow line just like the thickness of a parking restriction in a square box in front of the cash machine - “PRIVACY ZONE”, it said, approximately one metre by one metre.

As for ‘Music for Airports’ it’s been done, literally and otherwise. Listening to music privately in public situations isn’t flawed at all, but destroying context in the name of convenience, and thinking this is “freedom”, it’s like a simulacra of the Iraq situation.

I’m refering to patterns of behaviour.

/jw 05/04/2006

 

“Listening to music privately in public situations isn’t flawed at all, but destroying context in the name of convenience, and thinking this is “freedom”"

-I take your point, but doesn’t sampling do this too, and it would be quite blinkered to say, for instance, that sampling music has had a purely destructive force in music.

/Leila b 16/04/2006

 

“The fact that the personal computer impacted first on graphic designers throws this into deep relief, because here was a major opportunity to take a progressive turn. It never happened.”

- I’m interested to know what Jon thinks a more progressive turn might be. Or who, now, is moving in a progressive direction? This is much harder to identify than how things went wrong but it throws up discussions of new possibilities rather than forcing us to defend different but entrenched positions.

/Grace 26/04/2006

 

Grace - forgive me for a brief and tardy reply to this important question.

Since the late 80s/early 90s my feeling has been that designers need to uphold a keen and critical relationship to the new modus operandi, and become more careful and considerate in relation to the written word, traditional forms, not less. It’s not easy and it asks a lot of people who are in a culture that actively legislates against the ability to quietly reflect on what is going on.

There was a brief moment in 1992/3 by which time I was closely involved with the machinations of the Graphic Design BA at Central Saint Martins and was able to get Paul Elliman and Mark Sinker (then editor of The Wire) as co-tutors and we were quite successful in introducing a more holistic view of the medium, presenting design issues alongside those of music, film, literature, politics etc. It wasn’t the classical model of Cultural Studies by any means. Maybe we were too successful. Come the 1994 academic year none of our contracts were renewed. The reason given at the time was that the college needed to cut back on staffing levels to invest in more computing facilities!

What, now, is “progressive”. Well of course it is a big improvement that more women are making their mark. The quality of discourse I read on Design Observer is really good, often, but these are established voices in the main. Blogsites like K-Punk’s and The Original Soundtrack’s are excellent in their multi-modal reach and perception.

Generally, I don’t think it’s a question of moving in a progressive direction. You either want to do something serious and responsible, or you don’t. This has always been the case, only now I think the stakes are higher and the distractions more distracting.

/jw 07/05/2006

 

tales of clickwheel durability -

article

/jw 31/05/2006

 

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